Pengiriman Baterai Litium via Kargo Udara

1. Pendahuluan: Mengapa Baterai Litium Menjadi Sorotan Keselamatan

Baterai litium, baik rechargeable maupun non‑rechargeable, memicu risiko kebakaran dan ledakan jika terjadi short circuit atau thermal runaway. Saat diangkut lewat kargo udara, kondisi perubahan tekanan dan suhu kabin bisa memicu reaksi kimia tidak terkendali. Otoritas penerbangan dan asosiasi industri menetapkan regulasi ketat untuk meminimalkan risiko ini. Bab ini menjelaskan urgensi memahami regulasi, serta konsekuensi kecelakaan pengiriman yang dapat membahayakan pesawat, awak, dan ground crew.

2. Klasifikasi Baterai Litium: UN 3090, UN 3091, UN 3480, UN 3481

• UN 3090: Lithium metal batteries (non‑rechargeable).

• UN 3091: Lithium metal batteries packed with or contained in equipment.

• UN 3480: Lithium ion batteries (rechargeable) standalone.

• UN 3481: Lithium ion batteries packed with or contained in equipment. Klasifikasi ini menentukan jenis packaging instruction IATA PI 965–970.

3. IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR) untuk Baterai Litium

IATA DGR 63rd Edition menetapkan:

1. PI 965: UN 3090, 3091 rechargeable with max lithium content ≤ 2 g.

2. PI 966: UN 3480 standalone, max Wh ≤ 100 Wh.

3. PI 967: UN 3481 batteries with equipment.

4. PI 969 & PI 970: Excepted quantities and cells. Setiap PI menjelaskan uji crush, thermal, vibration, dan marking.

4. Persyaratan Kemasan: UN Specification Packaging

Kemasan baterai litium harus:

1. UN Specification Box: Konstruksi triple wall atau fiberboard.

2. Inner Packaging: Bubble wrap, insulating spacer, individual pouches.

3. Crush Test: 15 kN for 1 min.

4. Thermal Test: -40°C hingga +70°C cycle. Setiap paket diberi stempel UN packaging mark.

5. Labeling dan Marking: Hazard Labels 9 & Lithium Battery Handling Labels

• Label 9 (Miscellaneous): Menunjukkan DG class 9.

• Lithium Battery Mark: Segitiga petir, UN nomor, handling mark "Handle with care—Lithium batteries...".

• Shipper’s Declaration: DGR declaration if quantity > excepted.

6. SOP Pengemasan dan Penanganan di Gudang

Langkah-langkah packing:

1. Initial Inspection: Cek no physical damage and capacitance test.

2. Segregation Area: Area tersendiri minimal 6 m dari bahan lain.

3. Packing Sequence: First pack battery, then equipment, lastly cushioning.

4. Quality Check: Verifikasi weight, dimension, labeling.

7. Dokumentasi dan AWB: Memasukkan DG Note

• AWB Handling Instructions: Prefix DG, handle special handling codes (e.g. "MH" manual handling).

• DG Note: Shipper’s Declaration signed, emergency contact.

8. Capacities dan Quantity Limits

Standalone Cells: Max 2.7 Wh per cell, 8 cells per net quantity excepted.
Batteries: Max 100 Wh per battery, 2 batteries per consignment excepted.
Packed with Equipment: Up to 300 Wh per package under section II.

9. Uji Kelaikan dan Sertifikasi Laboratorium

Baterai litium harus diuji:

1. UN Manual of Tests: Thermal stability test 38.3.2.

2. Vibration Test: 38.3.5.

3. Shock Test: 38.3.4.

4. Crush Test & External Short Circuit: 38.3.3 & 38.3.7. Laporan uji diterbitkan oleh LST atau lab bersertifikasi.

10. Prosedur Pre‑Flight dan Check‑In

• Advance Notification: DG notification 24 jam sebelum departure.

• Acceptance Procedure: Document and labeling check, physical inspection.

• Loading Priority: Ditaruh di lokasi belly hold dekat centre of gravity.

11. Penanganan Selama Transit dan Ground Ops

• Temperature Control: Hold time suhu ruangan.

• Fire Watch: Stasiun dengan fire suppression pada area DG.

• Access Control: Hanya staff bersertifikat DG yang boleh mengakses.

12. On‑board Emergency Response

• Crew Training: Menangani kebakaran baterai, evacuation protocols.

• Fire Containment: Use Class D fire extinguisher.

• Jettisoning Packages: Prosedur pembuangan ke udara jika tidak dapat dikendalikan.

13. Penegakan Regulasi dan Audit Kargo Udara

CAA dan airline conduct:

• Ramp Inspections: Random check 10% shipments.

• Document Audits: Verification of DG notes and packing records.

• Penalties: Denda fino USD10.000 atau suspensi perizinan.

14. Insurance dan Liability

• Carrier Liability: As per Warsaw/Montreal Convention, tariffs exclude DG surcharge.

• Shipper Insurance: Pilihan coverage tambahan untuk battery shipments.

15. Studi Kasus: Recall Galaxy Note7 dan Pelajaran Regulasi

Analisis penanganan mass recall Samsung: flight bans, ground hold, policy revisions.
Lesson learned: pentingnya tracking dan communication protocol.

16. Treks Teknologi: Battery Monitoring dan Smart Packaging

• Voltage & Temperature Sensors: real-time telemetry.

• Non‑IoT Labeling: QR code link to lab test results without live data.

17. Tantangan Masa Depan dan Harmonisasi Regulasi

• Increasing Battery Energy Density: stricter Wh limits.

• Regulatory Alignment: ICAO/IATA vs local CAA.

• Sustainability: recycling and reverse logistics DG.

18. Kesimpulan dan Rekomendasi Praktis

Pengiriman baterai litium via udara menuntut kepatuhan penuh terhadap regulasi DGR, kemas UN spec, labeling detail, SOP ketat, dan audit berkelanjutan. Rekomendasi:

1. Patuhi PI instruction with test reports

2. Invest in staff DG training

3. Use centralized packing centers

4. Maintain robust documentation and traceability

Siap mengirimkan kargo udara Anda? Kirimkan melalui Hasta Buana Raya untuk solusi logistik yang andal dan aman!
👉 Hubungi 📱 +62-822-5840-1230 (WhatsApp/Telepon) untuk informasi lebih lanjut dan solusi pengiriman terbaik!

Digital Marketing

Jumat, 11 Juli 2025 10:00 WIB